Methylphenidate hydrochloride (
Ritalin®) is a prescription medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (
ADHD). It is also used to treat
narcolepsy.
Methylphenidate is manufactured by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Generic versions are made by several different manufacturers.
What Is Methylphenidate Used For?
As mentioned, methylphenidate is licensed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD for short. In addition to hyperactivity (having trouble sitting still), people with ADHD have problems paying attention, focusing, and controlling their behavior. While most people think of it as a problem in children, ADHD can also occur in adults
(see Adult ADHD). However, methylphenidate is not approved for use in adult ADHD
(see Ritalin for Adults).
This medication is also licensed for the treatment of narcolepsy. This is a condition that involves falling asleep uncontrollably and at unusual times. People who have symptoms of narcolepsy often appear paralyzed when they are asleep and have hallucinations when falling asleep. In addition, people with the condition often fall asleep several times during the day.
Methylphenidate is a stimulant, although it can have effects that are opposite from what would be expected of a stimulant. While stimulants (like caffeine) can cause hyperactivity, methylphenidate has a calming effect when used at the doses intended for the treatment of
ADHD. While it is unknown exactly how the drug produces a calming effect, it is known to affect certain chemicals in the brain
(see Ritalin and D2 Receptors).
For
people with narcolepsy, methylphenidate acts as a stimulant (because it is taken in higher doses). This helps people with the condition to be alert and to stay awake during the day.
When and How to Take Methylphenidate
General considerations for when and how to take methylphenidate include the following:
- The medication comes in tablet form. It is usually taken by mouth two or three times a day.
- Usually, the last dose should be taken before 6 p.m. (taking it later could cause difficulty sleeping).
- You can take methylphenidate with or without food.
- For methylphenidate to work properly, it must be taken as prescribed. The medication will not work if you stop taking it.
The dose of methylphenidate your healthcare provider recommends will vary, depending on a number of factors, including:
- Your age
- Other narcolepsy or ADHD medications you have tried
- Other medical conditions you may have
- Other medications you are currently taking.
As with any medication, do not adjust your dose unless your healthcare provider specifically instructs you to do so.
Side Effects of Methylphenidate
As with any medicine, side effects are possible with methylphenidate. However, not everyone who takes the drug will experience side effects. In fact, most people tolerate it quite well. If side effects do occur, they are often minor and either require no treatment or can easily be treated by you or your healthcare provider.
The most common side effects include:
You can also read about other possible side effects by clicking the following eMedTV links:
What Should I Tell My Healthcare Provider Before Taking It?
You should talk with your healthcare provider before taking this drug if you have:
- Heart problems of any kind, including:
Also, let your healthcare provider know if you:
Tell your healthcare provider about all other medicines you may be taking, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
What If I Take an Overdose?
People who take too much methylphenidate may have overdose symptoms that could include:
- Hyperactivity (trouble sitting still)
- Rapid breathing
- Confusion
- Seizures
- Fever
- Muscle pains
- Shakiness
- Aggressiveness
- Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not really there).
If you happen to take too much, seek immediate medical attention.
How Should Methylphenidate Be Stored?
Methylphenidate should be stored at room temperature away from moisture or heat. The tablets should be kept in an airtight container.
Keep this and all medications out of the reach of children.
What Should I Do If I Miss a Dose?
If you do not take your methylphenidate as scheduled, take your missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Taking a dose after 6 p.m. may cause trouble sleeping. Don't ever take a double dose.
Methylphenidate tablets are available in three strengths:
- Methylphenidate 5 mg
- Methylphenidate 10 mg
- Methylphenidate 20 mg.
Both generic and brand-name methylphenidate are currently available. It is, however, not possible to buy methylphenidate without a prescription.
